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3.1 Specifying Experimental Inputs
To fit a model to some data you first have to instantiate the
myfitter::Fitter class, which is declared in
myfitter/fitter.hpp. Each Fitter object contains an
object of type myfitter::LikelihoodFunction (defined in
myfitter/likelihoodfunction.hpp), which can be accessed through
the method
LikelihoodFunction& Fitter::likelihood_function()
The experimental inputs are specified by adding objects of type
myfitter::LikelihoodComponent to the
likelihood_function() member of the Fitter class. An
object of type LikelihoodComponent represents a term in the
log-likelihood function (see
[arXiv:1207.1446] for details).
The most common types of likelihood components are defined in the
header myfitter/likelihoodcomponents.hpp. Here is an example:
#include <myfitter/fitter.hpp>
#include <myfitter/likelihoodcomponents.hpp>
using namespace myfitter;
...
int main()
{
MyModel mymodel;
// initialise mymodel
...
Fitter fitter(MyModel::NOBS);
fitter.likelihood_component().add(
GaussianLC(MyModel::O_MYSECONDOBS, 3.0, 1.2, 0.4, 0.6));
...
The constructor of the Fitter class takes an integer value as
argument, which specifies the dimension of the sample space, i.e. the
number of observables. Only models which provide that exact number of
observables (as returned by Model::nobservables() ) can be
fitted with the created Fitter object. The last line adds a
Gaussian contribution with systematic errors to the log-likelihood
function. Specifically, it states that the observables associated with
the index MyModel::O_MYSECONDOBS (see MyModel example) has a measured value of 3.0 with a Gaussian
statistical error of 1.2 and systematic errors of +0.4
and -0.6. In a scientific text, this might be written as
3.0\pm 1.2 (stat.) ^+0.4_-0.6 (syst.).
Note that any given observable may only contribute to one term in a
LikelihoodFunction object. The LikelihoodFunction::add
method will throw an exception when you try to add a likelihood
component that depends on an observable which another likelihood
component already depends on.
The header myfitter/likelihoodcomponents.hpp provides the
following subclasses of LikelihoodComponent :
GaussianLC - This represents a single observable with a Gaussian error and
(possibly) systematic errors. The constructor
GaussianLC(int iobs, double value, double error,
double syst_plus=0., double syst_minus=0.)
creates a likelihood component for observable iobs with central value
value, Gaussian error error and systematic errors
syst_plus and syst_minus. The values of error,
syst_plus and syst_minus should all be positive. If the
last two arguments are omitted, the default value 0 is used.
AsymmetricGaussianLC - This represents a single observable with asymmetric Gaussian errors and
(possibly) systematic errors. The constructor
AsymmetricGaussianLC(int iobs, double value,
double error_plus, double error_minus,
double syst_plus=0.,
double syst_minus=0.)
creates a likelihood component for observable iobs with central
value value, asymmetric Gaussian errors error_plus and
error_minus and systematic errors syst_plus and
syst_minus. The values of error_plus, error_minus,
syst_plus and syst_minus should all be positive. If the
last two arguments are omitted, the default value 0 is used.
CorrelatedGaussianLC - This represents the contribution from several observables with
Gaussian errors and a non-diagonal correlation matrix. The class can
not be fully initialised in the constructor. The constructor
CorrelatedGaussianLC(int n)
creates an “empty” likelihood component for an n-dimensional
sample space. Note that n is the number of observables provided
by the model (i.e. the same number that is passed to the Fitter
constructor) and not the number of observables
contributing to the likelihood component. To initialise a
CorrelatedGaussianLC object, you first have to specify the
contributing observables and their central values and errors with
the add() method and then set the elements of the correlation
matrix with the cor() method. Here is an example:
CorrelatedGaussianLC lc(MyModel::NOBS);
lc.add(MyModel::O_MYFIRSTOBS, 2.3, 0.4);
lc.add(MyModel::O_MYSECONDOBS, 5.6, 0.7);
lc.cor(MyModel::O_MYFIRSTOBS, MyModel::O_MYSECONDOBS, 0.23);
This means that the two observables associated with the integers
MyModel::O_MYFIRSTOBS and MyModel::O_MYSECONDOBS
(see MyModel example) have measured values of
2.3 and 5.6, standard deviations of 0.4 and
0.7 and a correlation of 0.23. Note that only
off-diagonal elements of the correlation matrix in one triangle have
to be set. To add this likelihood component to the likelihood function
of a Fitter instance fitter , call
fitter.likelihood_function().add(lc);
All the information of the lc object is copied by the
LikelihoodFunction::add() method and the lc object
is no longer needed afterwards.
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